Leadership Vs. Classical Leadership - 1309 Words

This literature review is based on 21st Century Leadership. This review will provide a comparative discussion of the various leadership developments, theories and models, identifying similarities and differences based on a set of criteria selected. This paper begins with an introduction to viewing the ‘map’ of leadership, its theory and frameworks through the different contextual lenses of academic, practitioner and learner. It affirms the complementary importance of theory and practice and the ability of everyone to be a learner in terms of leadership development. The paper then provides a short review of generic leadership literature, highlighting the more significant trends, similarities and differences in 21st century leadership vs†¦show more content†¦O’Connell (2014) suggests the proliferation of theories, research, and explanations has also sparked an ongoing debate among scholars regarding the most appropriate definitions, and the most effective a pproaches to learning about and engaging in leadership. Leadership as described by Bishop (2013) is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. However, Smith (2016) strongly believes that leadership is the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems. These definitions are accurate descriptions of leadership and the role of leaders within organizations and deals with different types of leadership which differentiates one style from another as well as identify situations and cultures to which they are best suited (Bishop, 2013). O’Connell (2014) suggests using a simplified framework for leader development, structured into webs of belief, and is proposed as a starting point for learning to lead in complex contexts and environments. O’Connell (2014) explains that a framework would provide a simplified belief, set adaptable to changing contexts and conditions, and engages the developing leader in ongoing constructive self and other development practices. Davies et al. (2005) agreed with this argument suggesting that â€Å"frameworks provide communicatingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Organizational Management During The United States Military1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary overall ascribes to a classical organizational theory of management with an emphasis on transactional leadership. In addition, there is an immense amount of attention given to the contingency approach due to the nature of our mission and purpose. Through this approach to management, the organization has advantages in military operations; however, there are unwanted ramifications that they must confront in order to sustain their superior capabilities. Classical Organizational Theory and theRead MoreClassical Vs. Constitutional Typology1223 Words   |  5 Pagesis physiological is the physiological characteristics of people. Simple descriptions of behavior through to suggestions that characteristics are the result of different kinds of physiology. Now, there are two subcategories are classical and constitutional typology. Classical typology comes from our old friends, the Greeks, who theorized about types and ‘humorous.’ The physician Hippocrates made what is probably the first attempt at a formal theory to account for differences between people, HippocratesRead MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words   |  7 Pagesadulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood and death. There are several key issues in Lifespan Psychology which are centered on these following factors which are; cultural factors, continuous vs discontinuous change, critical periods vs sensitive periods, lifespan approach vs particular periods approach, nature vs nurture. The major theoretical perspectives in Lifespan Psychology is termed a broad, organized explanation and prediction concerning phenomena of interest. These theories could be either behavioralRead MoreThe Human Relations Management Theory1741 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Theory The Human Relations management theory is more involved in the people’s issues due to the interpersonal and organizational relationships while classical theories focused more on the mechanics of the business or organization (Hill, n.d.). The focus of this theory is around three principles: motivation, group motivation, and leadership. The relationship between employer and employee is at the center of these principles. This theory involved a theorist by the name of Elton Mayo and his researchRead MoreThe Enigma Of Nationalism By Yael Tamir1614 Words   |  7 Pagesto promote nationalism, such as juche, a national ideology promoting North Korean loyalty to the land and the leaders. Juche was first introduced by Kim Il-sung, of which he used to promoted independence from Japan in the early 20th century. Its classical definition takes three main ideas into account: political liberation, a self-supporting economy, and self-dependent defense. Currently, this way of thinking has evol ved into more of a religious belief and has invaded all aspects of North Korean lifeRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Meeting 11539 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness and the quality of life at work OB Fundamental Assumptions †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ OB recognizes the dynamic nature of organization †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ OB assumes that there is no â€Å"one best† approach –†¯ What is the most effective way to motivate people? –†¯ What style of leadership works best? –†¯ Should groups of individuals be used to make important organizational decision? When OB came? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Org. theory prior to 1900: Emphasized the division of labor and the importance of machinery to facilitate labor †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Scientific management(1910s-)--DescribedRead MoreA Customer Driven Organization Is The Most Important Mission And Purpose Of Every Business1242 Words   |  5 PagesThese companies also have a mission to build unique value networks and engage in a bigger business ecosystem through technology and business model innovation. Apple’s iPod with iTunes is a good example of a value network in a business ecosystem. Apple vs. Microsoft. Apple is a market-driving company anticipating trends and taking risk to consistently amaze and surprise customers with delivered value. Microsoft is a market-driven company missing trends and failing to take risk, which forces it to reactRead MoreWhat I Learned From This Video1250 Words   |  5 Pages What I learned from this video assignment - This video lesson has many important applications to leadership and decision-making. The first component to decision-making I learned from this lesson is that we should always collect as much data as possible before making any decision. Sometimes when the decision we are presented with is time sensitive we tend to not collect adequate information and this can lead to making a bad decision. Each piece of information, no matter how obvious or obscureRead MoreThe Loving and Caring Manager: A Neoclassical Approach to Management581 Words   |  2 Pagesthey focus on the relationship of motivating and supporting employees rather than on production, structure and technology. Neoclassical Theory became the movement of human relations that stemmed from an aggressive â€Å"carrot and stick† principle or classical management theory. Humans react better when Maslow’s basic human needs are massaged into management (Regina, 2012). T he neoclassical theory creates an environment where employee’s intrinsic motivation is based on organizations willingness to centerRead MoreSenior Guard s Youth Challenge Program1984 Words   |  8 Pageseffort for them to obtain a successful mentor / mentee relationship. Mentor is defined as someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger person. (Merriam-Webster) As documented in the Bible, Jesus made his leadership style clear†¦ He led so we could follow. He said, â€Å"If anyone will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross and follow me.† (Matthew 16:24-26) The mentor / mentee relationship is not controlled by either party; but, fulfilled through

Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a...

Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a woman hater. Why do you think this was so, and how justified do you think the accusation was? Question -------- Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a woman hater. Why do you think this was so, and how justified do you think the accusation was? In your answer you should consider not only how Euripides portrays his female characters, but also the sentiments expressed in the plays and the contempory view of women. Answer ------ Euripides definitely had an opinion on woman that was not shared by many other play writes. Whether it is hatred or not, women play a major role in a Euripian play. Their role in society of that time was a great contrast to that†¦show more content†¦They care more about the goddess Artemis and hunting, like Hippolytus himself. How she wastes away on a bed of sickness and keeps to the palace. Clytemnestra in the Electra is the widow of Agamemnon, the national hero and adulterer. She killed her own husband claiming that it was out of revenge for Agamemnon sacrificing their daughter, Iphagenia. She is tough and not easily misled. In the Electra she comes over as a strong willed mother who cannot get on the same level with her daughter. Electra sarcastically mocks her mother and a quarrel arises from any conversational topic. Do; and youll find he will stop persecuting you. He lives in my house; and that makes him arrogant. There you go, kindling the old quarrel once again. Euripides shows the tension between the shallow Electra and single-minded Clytemnestra. Neither of them are heroines in any way and they are always shown in a bad light in the play, neither of them are good characters; they both have serious flaws. Clytemnestra is loyal to Aegisthus even though they are not married. Electra is shown to be a whiney girl who wants people to see her humility. She has gone from a life of nobility, the daughter of the heroic Agamemnon, to the wife of a peasant. All is not as it seems. Underneath her pitiful self, she has not consummated her marriage with the peasant and the audience have been made aware of this fact. As I have previously

Salmonella free essay sample

Salmonella Salmonella is a rod shaped, gram-negative bacteria, which infects humans and other mammals. It is the most common cause of food poisoning and the leading cause of Salmonellosis. Salmonella infects more than 40,000 people a year in the US and causes 400 deaths a year. It is caused by consuming raw or undercooked food, having contact with a person or animal that is infected by salmonella, and poor kitchen hygiene. Symptoms of salmonellosis include diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps. Researchers have yet to come up with a vaccine to help prevent salmonella oisoning. Citations: 1. Salmonella. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/salmonella 2. T. S. Desin, W. KÂ ¶ster, and A. A Potter Salmonella vaccines in poultry: past, present and future Expert Review of Vaccines, January 2013, Vol. 12, No. l, Pages 87-96 3. Kelland, Kate. Scientists Use Salmonella Bug to Kill Cancer Cells. Reuters. Thomson Reuters . 4. Gast, R. Research to Understand and Control Salmonella Eggs. We will write a custom essay sample on Salmonella or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research to Understand and Control Salmonella Enteritidis in Chickens and Eggs.. 5. Locchead, Carolyn. Warnings as Salmonella Strains Resist Antibiotics. *Gate.. Methods: Motile, Gram-negative bacteria Lactose negative; acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose, and sorbitol; no Acid from adonitol, sucrose, salicin, lactose ONPG test negative (lactose negative) Indole test negative Methyl red test positive Voges-Proskauer test negative Citrate positive (growth on Simmons citrate agar) Lysine decarboxylase positive Urease negative Ornithine decarboxylase positive H2S produced from thiosulfate Do not grow with KCN Phenylalanine and tryptophan deaminase negative Gelatin hydrolysis negative Once the bacteria enter the body, if it is able to survive the harsh environment of the stomach, it causes a massive inflammatory response, which has a negative impact on the existing normal tlora. The nontypnoidal species ot Salmonella tocuses i ts disease process in the gut and causes the diarrheal symptoms. But if the bacteria passes through the stomach lining and enters into organs or the central nervous system, it becomes Typhoid Fever. Our bodies do have defenses against Salmonella. The extreme acidity of our stomach many times kills the bacteria before it can reach the intestine. If it passes through the stomach then the motility of the GI will push it through the system as quickly as possible. Mucus protect the lining of our intestines and the intestinal flora may try to crowd out the bacteria while the flushing or motility is occurring, so the bacteria does not get a chance to irritate the lining and cause harm [9]. A recent outbreak of the Salmonella Saintpaul strain (a fairly uncommon serotype) occurred throughout much of the United States during the summer months of 2008. Ultimately 1442 people were infected with the bacteria, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) narrowed down the contaminate to Jalapeno and serrano peppers, grown and packed in Mexico and possibly tomatoes from Mexico earlier in the summer. People in 43 states were affected with Texas and New Mexico having the most number of cases [12]. Reported cases of nontyphoidal Salmonella have been stable in the US for the past several years at about 13. 4 cases for every 100K people. Adding to that number all the people who do not report much milder cases of Salmonellosis, it is estimated that there are 520 cases for every 100K people nnually in the US. In 2007 the reported cases were a little higher; at 14. 9 cases per 100K. However, worldwide estimates of nontyphoidal Salmonella range from 200 million to 1. 3 billion, with an estimated death toll of 3 million each year [13]. There is a vaccine that is effective against Typhoid fever but none for nontyphoidal salmonella [9]. To prevent the diarrheal illness it is important to not cross contaminate foods; that is, to keep uncooked food from touching raw or other previously foods, and keep cooking surfaces and utensils clean.